Part I Building Blocks and Negotiating History
1 The Science of Climate Change
1.1 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
1.2 Causes and Effects
1.3 Climate Sceptics
1.4 Acting under Uncertainty
2 Key Players and Interests
2.1 Industrialised Leader: The European Union
2.2 Industrialised Laggards:"JUSSCANNZ"
2.3 Russia and the "Countries with Economies in Transition"
2.4 The Developing World: A Crumbling Block
2.5 Non-Governmental and International Organisations
3 The Framework Convention on Climate Change: The Legal Basis of International Action
3.1 Objective, Principles and Obligations
3.2 Institutional and Procedural Predeterminations
3.3 Development of the Convention
4 The Berlin Mandate and the AGBM Process
4.1 The Run-up to Berlin
4.2 The Berlin Mandate
4.3 The Issues
4.4 The AGBM Process: The First Year
4.5 Increasing the Pressure: The Geneva Declaration
4.6 Approaching Kyoto
5 Outside the Climate Arena: Multilateral and Bilateral Diplomacy
5.1 International Organisations
5.2 Rio + 5: UNGASS
5.3 Regional Developments
5.4 Bilateral Diplomacy
6. Changing the Balance: Governmental and Non-governmental Developments
6.1 Strengthening EU Leadership
6.2 Developments in the US
6.3 Entrenching Positions: Other JUSSCANNZ Countries
6.4 Business: Some Going Dirty
6.5 ...Others Going Green
6.6 Environmental NGOs
7 Kyoto: The Endgame
7.1 Japan
7.2 The Dynamics of the Kyoto Meeting
7.3 Modern Communication Technologies
7.4 The "Estrada Factor"
7.5 Approaching the Final Show-down
7.6 Negotiation by Exhaustion
Part II The Provisions of the Kyoto Protocol: A Commentary
8 Overview of Part II
9 Preamble and Definitions (Articel 1)
9.1 Preamble
9.2 Definitions
10 Policies and Measures (Article 2)
10.1 Negotiating History
10.2 PAMs in the Kyoto Protocol
10.3 Assessment and Outlook
11 Emission Limitation and Reduction Commitments (Article 3)
11.1 Negotiating History
11.2 The Kyoto Targets: What are the Limits to Emissions?
11.3 The Issue of Sinks (Land-use Change and Forestry)
11.4 Assessment and Outlook
12 Joint Fulfilment of Commitments (Article 4)
12.1 Negotiating History
12.2 The Rules Applying to Bubbling
12.3 Post-Kyoto Developments in the European Union
12.4 Assessment and Outlook
13 Joint Implementation (Article 6)
13.1 Negotiating History
13.2 The Rules Applying to Joint Implementation
13.3 Assessment and Outlook
14 The Clean Development Mechanism (Article 12)
14.1 Negotiating History
14.2 The Rules Applying to the CDM
14.3 Assessment and Outlook
15 Emissions Trading (Article 17)
15.1 Negotiating History
15.2 The Rules Applying to Emissions Trading
15.3 Assessment and Outlook
16 Implementation Review and Compliance (Articles 5, 7, 8, 16, 18, 19)
16.1 The Review of National Communications (Articles 5, 7, 8)
16.2 The Multilateral Consultative Process (Article 16)
16.3 The Procedure on Non-compliance (Article 18)
16.4 Dispute Settlement (Article 19)
17 Developing Country Participation (Articles 10, 11)
17.1 Negotiating History
17.2 The Outcome: Articles 10 and 11 of the Kyoto Protocol
17.3 Assessment and Outlook
18 Institutions (Articles 13, 14, 15)
18.1 Negotiating History
18.2 The Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties (COP/MOP) (Article 13)
18.3 The Secretariat (Article 14)
18.4 The Subsidiary Bodies (Articles 15)
18.5 Ad Hoc Bodies
19 Review, Development and Amendment of the Kyoto Protocol (Articles 3.9, 9, 20, 21)
19.1 Negotiating History
19.2 The Rules Applying to Review and Development
19.3 Amendments to the Protocol and its Annex
19.4 Assessment and Outlook
20 Final Provisions of the Kyoto Protocol (Articles 22-28)
20.1 Signature, ratification and Entry into Force (Articles 24, 25)
20.2 Voting Rights, Depositary, Reservations and Withdrawal (Articles 22, 23, 26, 27 and 28)
Part III Conclusions and Outlook
21 Lessons from the Kyoto Process
21.1 The Importance of Leadership
21.2 The Importance of Situational Factors
21.3 Climate Policy 21: High Politics in Global Society
22 Evaluation of the Kyoto Protocol
23. Synergies and Conflicts with Other International Institutions
23.1 GATT/WTO and Multilateral Investment Rules
23.2 The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
23.3 The Conventions on Biodiversity and Desertification
24. The Landscape of International Climate Politics at the Turn of the Century
24.1 The Post-Kyoto International Process: Buenos Aires and Beyond
24.2 The European Union and the Applicant Countries
24.3 The "Umbrella Group"
24.4 Developing Countries
24.5 Non-governmental Developments
24.6 Conclusion: The State of Climate Policy and Some Underlying Causes
25 A View from the Anthill: Towards a Leadership Initiative on Climate Change
25.1 The Rationale of a Leadership Initiative on Climate Change
25.2 The First Element of a leadership Initiative: Early Ratification
25.3 The Second Element of a Leadership Initiative: Measures for Domestic Implementation and their Co-ordination
25.4 The Third Element of a Leadership Initiative: Enhanced Involvement of Developing Countries
25.5 Conclusion
Appendix
Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Bibliography
Index
