This project aims to ensure that the overdue national penalty regimes under the EU Methane Regulation (EUMR), and their enforcement, are sufficiently effective and dissuasive to make full compliance the default rational choice for all companies subject to the EUMR. This is necessary to avoid a race to the lowest level of ambition that would undermine the EUMR's ability to reduce methane emissions in the EU Member States as well as in the countries from which the EU imports fossil fuels.