Ensuring inclusivity in the co-creation of nature-based solutions (NbS) is crucial for equitable, effective, and sustainable outcomes. Yet, many stakeholders – such as marginalized communities, indigenous groups, youth, and other vulnerable groups – remain underrepresented or excluded from decision-making processes. These groups, referred to as "commonly excluded stakeholders (CES)", are highly affected by or interested in NbS but face barriers that limit or prevent their participation.

This publication, developed by NetworkNature+ Task Force 6 on Co-Creation and Governance, builds on a dedicated survey and expert workshop to explore why these exclusions persist and how to address them. It examines the benefits of inclusivity, identifies key barriers such as systemic inequalities and lack of trust, and offers actionable strategies for engaging CES throughout all stages of NbS co-creation.

Key Findings and Strategies

• Inclusive processes lead to richer, more relevant solutions, stronger community ownership, and greater long-term success.
• Barriers to participation include structural constraints, procedural gaps, and intersectional vulnerabilities.
• Effective strategies include systematic stakeholder mapping, dedicated engagement spaces for underserved groups, and the use of accessible, context-sensitive tools and methods.

By situating these findings within the broader context of NbS governance, the report provides practical guidance for practitioners and decision-makers committed to making NbS co-creation more inclusive.