Chapter 1 – Introduction
1.1 Context and aim of the report
1.2 Scope of the report
1.3 Outline of the report
Chapter 2 – State of play and challenges
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The role of the agri-food system
2.3 Climate-related risks
2.4 Greenhouse gas emissions and removals
2.5 Other challenges
2.6 Need for a systemic approach
Chapter 3 – Adaptation and mitigation options
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Categorisation framework
3.3 Overview of climate adaptation-focused options
3.4 Overview of climate mitigation-focused options
3.5 Assessment of synergies and trade-offs
Chapter 4 – Stylised pathways
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Description of three stylised pathways
4.3 Climate adaptation aspects of the stylised pathways
4.4 Climate mitigation aspects of the stylised pathways
4.5 Impacts on non-climate objectives
4.6 Pathway conclusions
Chapter 5 – Towards a coherent policy mix
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Assessment of current policies
5.3 Overall policy mix to guide the transition
Chapter 6 – Avoiding climate-harmful subsidies
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Identifying climate-harmful CAP direct payments
6.3 Replacing all direct payments
6.4 Reforming the most climate-harmful payments
6.5 A gradual reform of direct payments
Chapter 7 – Pricing of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Overview of pricing options
7.3 Exploring fundamental pricing design elements
7.4 AgETS covering non-CO₂ emissions from agriculture
7.5 AgETS covering land-based CO₂ fluxes
7.6 MRV requirements to support GHG pricing
7.7 A phased implementation of GHG pricing
Chapter 8 – Transition support for climate-proofing EU agriculture
8.1 Introduction
8.2 A comprehensive framework for transition support
8.3 Investment and transitional income support
8.4 Support for knowledge development and dissemination
8.5 Incentives for the provision of ecosystem services
Chapter 9 – Support to overcome adverse climate-related impacts and risks
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Support measures to overcome adverse climate-related impacts
9.3 Maintaining incentives for proactive and transformational adaptation
9.4 Improving the EU’s risk management toolbox
Chapter 10 – Food policies
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The case for policies targeting food environments
10.3 Policy options to promote healthy and climate-friendly diets and lower food waste
10.4 Policy options to address food poverty
10.5 The case for an overarching EU food policy framework
Chapter 11 – Trade policies to address carbon leakage
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Overview of carbon leakage channels
11.3 Overview of policies to mitigate carbon leakage
11.4 Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism for agriculture
Chapter 12 – Funding the transition
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The proposed financing for the next CAP
12.3 Recycling revenues from polluter pays policies
12.4 Addressing the public funding gap