Executive Summary

1. Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Objectives
1.3 Method and Selection of Member States
1.4 Focus and Limits of the Study

2. Parameters of Instrument Choice: Conceptual Approaches and the Role of Law and Institutions
2.1 Conceptual Criteria of Instrument Choice
2.2 Instrument Choice and the Role of Law and Institutions

3. European Union
3.1 General Structure of the European Union
3.2 Climate Policy in the European Union (the past and present)
3.3 Prominent Policy Choices
3.3.1 Carbon Pricing
3.3.2 Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources

4. Germany
4.1 Climate policy in Germany (past and present)
4.2 Legal and institutional structure of Germany
4.2.1 Overview
4.2.2 Executive branch
4.2.3 Legislative branch
4.2.4 Judicial branch
4.3 Regulatory tradition
4.4 Conflicts and challenges
4.4.1 Different regulatory approaches
4.4.2 Different regulatory planes
4.4.3 Conflict of policy instruments and basic rights
4.4.4 Conflict of policy instruments with EU law
4.4.5 Conflicting objectives

5. Poland
5.1 Climate policy in Poland (past and present)
5.1.1 Mitigation record and future plans
5.1.2 Climate of conflict: social, economic, and political context
5.2 Institutions and political structure
5.2.1 Executive branch
5.2.2 Legislative branch
5.2.3 Judicial branch
5.3 Regulatory tradition
5.4 Conflicts and challenges
5.4.1 Constitutional conflict
5.4.2 Conflicting regulatory planes
5.4.3 Regulatory approach, "soft" conflicts

6. United Kingdom
6.1 Climate policy in the UK (past and present)
6.2 Legal and institutional structure of the United Kingdom
6.2.1 Overview
6.2.2 Executive branch
6.2.3 Legislative branch
6.2.4 Judicial branch
6.3 Regulatory tradition
6.4 Conflicts and challenges
6.4.1 Different regulatory approaches
6.4.2 Different regulatory planes

7. Overview

8. Conclusions
8.1 Regulatory approaches change
8.1.1 New approaches can trigger legal conflicts
8.1.2 Innovative conflict resolution mechanism emerged
8.1.3 Path dependencies can be a risk and an opportunity
8.1.4 The freedom to test various approaches can be fruitful
8.2 The real regulations tends not to be the perfect one
8.2.1 Scope of regulation can lead to conflicts among institutions
8.2.2 Conflicting goals limit options for regulation
8.2.3 (New) Member States need incentives for implementation
8.2.4 The sub-national level should be taken into account

9. References

Literature

Personal correspondence / expert interviews